I just read this post by Vicki Welsh, who hand dyes fabric for her customers:
http://vickiwelsh.typepad.com/field_trips_in_fiber/2011/09/star-struck.html
This is in response to someone who wanted to pre-wash bleeding fabric.
Well, for another opinion, I'll share what I've learned fabric dyeing. Here's what I would do with it (and have done, many times, with commercial fabrics). First, I never use Ratayne primarily because it contains formaldehyde. If you have any sensitivities to formaldehyde, you will have problems with Retayne. The thing that I have found with fabric is that it's the length of time it's exposed to water that is just as important as the heat.
Put the fabric in a big basin/tub/sink/bucket or whatever container is big enough to hold the fabric and enough water to cover it completely.
Add some soap (Dawn or synthrapol). Honestly, almost any soap will do. For a quilt back I'd use about 1/4 cup.
Pour over boiling water and make sure it's enough to cover the fabric by a few inches. It's important to have enough water so err on the side of too much.
Use a stick or something to agitate the fabric so that the soap is distributed through the water.
Get some plastic bin lids or something that you can place on top of the fabric with weights (containers of water) so that ALL of the fabric is under water.
Leave it overnight. This is the most important step. It's the time that the fiber is exposed to water that eventually makes the excess dye release from the fabric. It's a waste of water to wash a fabric over and over until the water runs clear. It doesn't matter that the water gets dark, it's still working on the fibers.
Drain the water and run the fabric through a normal wash cycle without soap. You are really just giving it two good rinses.
If the fabric still runs after this, throw it out! Honestly, I'd just repeat the process again but I've never had a fabric run after this treatment.