First off, Hugs to you, Anne. I am so sorry for your loss, and pray for you as you walk through this grief.
As for the quilt, simplest would be either a 4-patch or a rail fence, or a mix of the two. Depending on the size pieces you have, there is a tutorial on Moda Bake Shop called "Basic Math Quilt" that has a mix of squares, rectangles & 4-patch blocks, giving a nice scrappy feel and ends up with a throw sized quilt. If you would like some guidance rather than improvising the whole thing, that would be one option. If you are comfortable improvising/designing, then just make a bunch of 4-patch or rail fence blocks and assemble them, no planning needed.
For cuffs and collars, you might need to applique those onto background fabric cut to the right size for your other strips. That would avoid having the thicker seams as well. If you had any shirts with shirt pockets you could keep those in, too, if you use them as a square.
For photos, the easiest way would be to print the photo onto printable fabric. EQ makes some, but there are other options too. I've used them before with good success; a quilt I made my oldest son was done with printed comic strips (his own drawings) and still looks almost as good as when I first made it, and that's with very heavy use & frequent washing. When you print, you'll want to edit the photo for maximum color saturation, and buy extra printable sheets so you can test, getting it to print as vividly as you want. There is a TQS episode, one of the early ones, about printing on fabric.....gosh, I don't remember what episode it was, but it had a lot of helpful tips about what to adjust in your printer settings and on the photo, without needing any special photo editing software, to get the best results when printing on fabric. I followed those suggestions and it really worked out great.
For the photo/memorabilia blocks, maybe do a simple frame around them (sort of 1 round of a log cabin, with the photo at the center), just ending up in a size that matches a block or pair of blocks, quadrant of blocks, etc. so that it makes the math work out.